由于法律語(yǔ)言邏輯性很強(qiáng)，所以作者在寫法律語(yǔ)言時(shí)一般都表現(xiàn)處比較明顯的邏輯關(guān)系。而邏輯關(guān)系比較常見的表現(xiàn)方式時(shí)狀語(yǔ)從句。英語(yǔ)中的狀語(yǔ)從句一般包括條件狀語(yǔ)從句、轉(zhuǎn)折狀語(yǔ)從句、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、因果狀語(yǔ)從句等。下面贏在威客網(wǎng)小編為你介紹法律英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧。
在翻譯這幾種狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以根據(jù)它們的邏輯關(guān)系和中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣來(lái)進(jìn)行翻譯。在表達(dá)中文譯文時(shí)，可以用中文中所對(duì)應(yīng)的一些關(guān)系詞，如因?yàn)椤浴?，如果…則…，盡管…但是…,在….時(shí)…，在…之前或之后…，但是等。此外，在對(duì)這幾種狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行翻譯時(shí)，可對(duì)譯文的語(yǔ)序進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整，當(dāng)然有時(shí)也不需要調(diào)整。
1、The valuation determined by the Independent Appraiser shall be the valuation adopted by the Parties for purposes of this provision save that where the valuation is a State-owned asset valuation required by Applicable Laws, the Parties may agree an adjustment to such valuation where and to the extent permitted under Applicable Laws.
參考譯文：在本條中，由獨(dú)立評(píng)估師確定的價(jià)值為雙方認(rèn)定的合營(yíng)公司價(jià)值。但如果相關(guān)法律就國(guó)有資產(chǎn)的保全另有規(guī)定，雙方可同意對(duì)上述評(píng)估價(jià)值在相關(guān)法律允許的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
解釋：原文中的“where the valuation is a State-owned asset valuation required by Applicable Laws”狀語(yǔ)從句，在譯文中就按照中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣和邏輯關(guān)系被翻譯成了“如果相關(guān)法律就國(guó)有資產(chǎn)的保全另有規(guī)定”。其中“save that”的本意是“除了…之外”，但根據(jù)中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣和邏輯關(guān)系，在譯文中被翻譯成了“但是”。整個(gè)句子被翻譯成兩個(gè)句子，兩個(gè)句子之間的關(guān)系是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。這樣，譯文既表達(dá)了作者的原意，又達(dá)到了譯文必須通順大的目的。
2、Notwithstanding clauses (a) and (b) of this Article 5.6 above, the Assigning Party may transfer all or part of its amount of the registered capital of the Company to an Affiliate (the “Affiliate Assignee”) of the Assigning Party on the following conditions：
參考譯文：盡管有上述5.6 條（a）、（b）款的規(guī)定，轉(zhuǎn)讓方可將持有的合營(yíng)公司注冊(cè)資本份額部分或全部按下列條款轉(zhuǎn)讓給其某一關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)構(gòu)（“關(guān)聯(lián)受讓方”）：
解釋：原文中的“Notwithstanding clauses (a) and (b) of this Article 5.6 above”盡管只是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)上下文的意思和邏輯關(guān)系以及中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，在譯文中它還是被翻譯成了一種讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
3、the Assigning Party shall acknowledge and agree that to the extent that the Affiliate Assignee fails to perform any obligation hereunder, the Assigning Party is not released from, and remains jointly and severally liable with the Affiliate Assignee for, the full performance of the provisions of this Contract and any damages for the breach thereof.
參考譯文：轉(zhuǎn)讓方應(yīng)承諾如果關(guān)聯(lián)受讓方未能履行本合同項(xiàng)下的義務(wù)，轉(zhuǎn)讓方并不因此解除該義務(wù)，仍對(duì)本合同條款的全部履行和任何違約所致的損失與關(guān)聯(lián)受讓方承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任。
解釋：在原文中，“to the extent that”的原意是指“在…范圍內(nèi)”，但在譯文中，譯者按照上下文意思和前后文的邏輯關(guān)系，將之翻譯為“如果….，則…”。
4、The Parties acknowledge that if the Company achieves the operations, revenue and earnings targets anticipated by the Parties, one or more increases in the registered capital of the Company will be required to support the expansion of the Company's business.
參考譯文：如果雙方一致認(rèn)為要使合營(yíng)公司達(dá)到雙方預(yù)期的經(jīng)營(yíng)、收入和利潤(rùn)目標(biāo)，合營(yíng)公司需要進(jìn)行一次或多次增資以適應(yīng)合營(yíng)公司業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展。
解釋：原文的賓語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。譯者在對(duì)其進(jìn)行翻譯時(shí)，按照原文語(yǔ)序?qū)⑵浞g為一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
5、In the event that the Company’s operations are reduced substantially from the scale of operation originally anticipated by the Parties, or the Company experiences substantial and continuing losses resulting in negative retained earnings not anticipated by the Parties in the agreed Business Plan, or in any other circumstance permitted under Applicable Laws or agreed by the Parties, the Parties may agree to reduce the registered capital of the Company on a pro rata basis.
參考譯文：如果合營(yíng)公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模比雙方原來(lái)預(yù)期的規(guī)模有大幅度縮減，或合營(yíng)公司持續(xù)遭受嚴(yán)重虧損，導(dǎo)致在雙方商定的業(yè)務(wù)計(jì)劃中所未預(yù)期的盈余保留負(fù)數(shù)，或在任何相關(guān)法律允許或雙方一致同意的情況下，則雙方可以協(xié)議按原有出資比例減資。
解釋：在英文法律英語(yǔ)中，if、in the event that、in the case that、where等詞一般來(lái)說(shuō)都表示一種條件關(guān)系。在翻譯這種條件關(guān)系的句子時(shí)，一般都將之翻譯為條件關(guān)系狀語(yǔ)從句。在該句中，譯者就將之翻譯為以“如果…則…”為關(guān)系詞的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
6、The Chairman, following consultation with the Vice Chairman, shall decide on the timing and location of such interim Board meeting, provided that such interim Board meeting shall be held not less than [fifteen (15)] days and not more than [forty-five (45)] days following delivery of such request.
參考譯文：董事長(zhǎng)經(jīng)與副董事長(zhǎng)協(xié)商后，應(yīng)確定此次臨時(shí)董事會(huì)會(huì)議的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，但是舉行該臨時(shí)董事會(huì)會(huì)議的時(shí)間必須在提議提交后十五日到四十五日之間。
解釋：“provided that”或“providing that”等詞在法律語(yǔ)言中是一個(gè)常見的用詞，其意思是“但是”、“條件”等。在翻譯含有這種詞的法律句子時(shí)，可以將翻譯為一種轉(zhuǎn)折狀語(yǔ)從句。在本句中，譯者就將其翻譯為“但是”，將原文翻譯成為一種轉(zhuǎn)折性狀語(yǔ)從句。
7、The fees of the expert shall be paid by [the Company] [the Parties pro rata to their respective interests in the registered capital of the Company unless the expert determines that the conduct of one Party in relation to the matter in question is so egregious that it alone should pay the fees of the expert].
參考譯文：專家的費(fèi)用應(yīng)由[合營(yíng)公司]或[雙方按其在公司注冊(cè)資本中的比例按比例]分擔(dān)[除非由于一方的行為與該待決事項(xiàng)有非同尋常的緊密聯(lián)系，專家決定應(yīng)由該方單獨(dú)承擔(dān)專家費(fèi)用]。
解釋：“unless”一詞的含義是“除非…否則….”，譯者在翻譯這種狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以按照原意將其翻譯成為一種轉(zhuǎn)折性狀語(yǔ)從句。
8、Given the requirement that all transfers of registered capital must be approved by the original examination and approval authority, and because such original examination and approval authority will require signed consents, waivers of pre-emptive rights and unanimous board resolutions, it is very difficult to achieve and put into effect a deemed consent to any transfer as provided in this Article 5.6(b).
參考譯文：假如存在一項(xiàng)關(guān)于注冊(cè)資本的所有轉(zhuǎn)讓均必須經(jīng)過(guò)原審批機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定，而且因?yàn)樵撛瓕徟鷻C(jī)關(guān)要求公司提供經(jīng)過(guò)簽署的同意書、優(yōu)先權(quán)放棄書和經(jīng)過(guò)一致通過(guò)的董事會(huì)決議，則按照的5.6（b）的規(guī)定，對(duì)任何此等轉(zhuǎn)讓的假定同意就很難實(shí)現(xiàn)和生效。
解釋：原文中，because所引導(dǎo)的從句是一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，在譯文中譯者也將其翻譯為原因狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)然在原文中，這個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句是套在“Given”這個(gè)詞所引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的，所以在譯文中，”because”引導(dǎo)的原因從句還是在“假如”引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。
9、As a general principle, the Chinese name of a joint venture should not begin with Chinese characters denoting “China”, “State” or “international”, and the English name of the joint venture typically also cannot include such designations either since the English name (although not subject to approval and registration) usually is translated literally in accordance with the Chinese characters.
參考譯文：作為一般原則，合營(yíng)企業(yè)的中文名稱不得以“中國(guó)”、“國(guó)家”或“國(guó)際”等中文詞語(yǔ)開頭，其英文名稱一般也不得含有此等詞語(yǔ)，因?yàn)橛⑽拿m然無(wú)需批準(zhǔn)）稱通常是按照中文名稱逐字翻譯的。
解釋：在原文中，有兩個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，即“since”和“although”。這兩個(gè)詞分別形成了一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。同時(shí)，由于兩個(gè)從句和兩個(gè)主句的聯(lián)結(jié)關(guān)系都不強(qiáng)，所以譯者在翻譯時(shí)都不它們放在了主句的后面。
10、If the respective managers of the Parties fail to resolve the Deadlock Matter within [five (5)] Business Days after the Deadlock Matter is referred to them under Article 8.4(a), the Parties shall, immediately upon the expiry of such [five (5)]-Business Day period, refer the Deadlock Matter to the Group Managing Director of Party B and the equivalent officer of Party A for their resolution.
參考譯文：如果雙方各自的高級(jí)管理人員未能在董事會(huì)投票僵持事項(xiàng)按第8.4（a）條提交給他們后[五（5）]個(gè)工作日內(nèi)解決該投票僵局，雙方應(yīng)在上述[五（5）]個(gè)工作日期限屆滿時(shí)，立即將該投票僵持事項(xiàng)提交給乙方的相關(guān)事業(yè)部總裁及相當(dāng)?shù)募追焦賳T予以解決。
解釋：“after”或“before”等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，在譯文中一般都可以翻譯成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)。在本句中，譯者就將“after”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句翻譯成一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)。
11、When any dispute occurs and is the subject of friendly consultations or arbitration, the Parties shall continue to exercise their remaining respective rights and fulfil their remaining respective obligations under this Contract, except in respect of those matters under dispute.
參考譯文：在發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議，且該爭(zhēng)議需要友好協(xié)商或仲裁時(shí)，各方當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)繼續(xù)履行各自在本合同項(xiàng)下的各項(xiàng)權(quán)利和義務(wù)，但爭(zhēng)議所涉及的各項(xiàng)事項(xiàng)除外。
